TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin concentrations in dietary supplements by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography
AU - Prado-Cabrero, Alfonso
AU - Beatty, Stephen
AU - Howard, Alan
AU - Stack, Jim
AU - Bettin, Philipp
AU - Nolan, John M.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Mr. Robert Kuchling from Ebiga VISION GmbH (Berlin, Germany) for his invaluable help with the sourcing of the three different batches of the eye care supplements available in Europe. JMN is currently funded by the European Research Council (ERC), grant reference number: 281096.
Funding Information:
APC is a Howard Fellow, and his research program is supported by the Howard Foundation (English Charity reg. number 285822) via a commercial grant from Iosa (Industrial Orgánica S.A., Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico), MacuHealth LLC™ (Birmingham, MI, USA) and Alliance Pharma plc (Chippenham, Wiltshire, UK); all of the above organizations have an interest in commercially available supplements containing the macular carotenoids. JMN and SB do consultancy work for nutraceutical companies as directors of Nutrasight Consultancy Ltd. AH is an ‘honorary director’ of Howard Foundation Holdings Limited and Nutriproducts Ltd, which licence and supply nutraceutical ingredients. The sponsors had no involvement in study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript or in the decision to submit the article for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, The Author(s).
PY - 2016/4/1
Y1 - 2016/4/1
N2 - We investigated the concordance between actual and declared content of the three macular carotenoids in commercially available supplements aimed at eye health. Three batches of nine products were tested for content of lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) by chiral HPLC–DAD. In every product tested, actual L concentration was close to target, but Z concentration varied greatly (47–248 % of declared concentration), and the L:Z ratio within some supplements was adversely affected in consequence. In six of seven products not declaring MZ, we found this carotenoid, and four of them, using the same L source, contained a concentration of MZ that correlated positively and significantly with measured concentrations of L (r2 = 0.86; P < 0.001). More transparency is needed in terms of concordance between actual and declared concentrations of Z in commercially available formulations, and MZ should be declared in those formulations where it is present.
AB - We investigated the concordance between actual and declared content of the three macular carotenoids in commercially available supplements aimed at eye health. Three batches of nine products were tested for content of lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) by chiral HPLC–DAD. In every product tested, actual L concentration was close to target, but Z concentration varied greatly (47–248 % of declared concentration), and the L:Z ratio within some supplements was adversely affected in consequence. In six of seven products not declaring MZ, we found this carotenoid, and four of them, using the same L source, contained a concentration of MZ that correlated positively and significantly with measured concentrations of L (r2 = 0.86; P < 0.001). More transparency is needed in terms of concordance between actual and declared concentrations of Z in commercially available formulations, and MZ should be declared in those formulations where it is present.
KW - Chiral HPLC–DAD
KW - Lutein
KW - Macula
KW - meso-zeaxanthin
KW - Zeaxanthin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84961123642&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00217-015-2569-9
DO - 10.1007/s00217-015-2569-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84961123642
SN - 1438-2377
VL - 242
SP - 599
EP - 608
JO - European Food Research and Technology
JF - European Food Research and Technology
IS - 4
ER -