TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental and Nutritional Determinants of Macular Pigment in a Mexican Population
AU - Green-Gomez, Marina
AU - Moran, Rachel
AU - Stringham, James
AU - Hernández-Alcaraz, Cesar
AU - Mendoza-Herrera, Kenny
AU - Fromow-Guerra, J Jans
AU - Prado-Cabrero, Alfonso
AU - Nolan, John
N1 - Funding Information:
Funded by an unrestricted research grant by Industrial Organ-ica, S.A. de C.V. (Monterrey, Mexico). M. Green-Gomez: MGG was funded via the Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT) President’s scholarship program.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2021/7/1
Y1 - 2021/7/1
N2 - PURPOSE: The carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin deposit at the macula as macular pigment (MP) and provide visual benefits and protection against macular diseases. The present study investigated MP, its nutritional and environmental determinants, and its constituent carotenoids in serum from a Mexican sample, in healthy participants and with metabolic diseases. Additionally, we compared these variables with an Irish sample.METHODS: MP was measured in 215 subjects from a rural community in Mexico with dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging reported as MP optical volume (MPOV). Dietary intake and serum concentrations of L and Z were evaluated.RESULTS: The mean MPOV was 8429 (95% confidence interval, 8060-8797); range. 1171-15,976. The mean L and Z serum concentrations were 0.25 ± 0.15 µmol/L and 0.09 ± 0.04 µmol/L, respectively. The MPOV was positively correlated with L and Z serum concentrations (r = 0.347; P < 0.001 and r = 0.311; P < 0.001, respectively), but not with L + Z dietary estimates. Subjects with daily sunlight exposure of more than 50% were found to have significantly higher MPOV than those with less than 50% (P = 0.005). MPOV and serum concentrations of L and Z were significantly higher in the Mexican sample compared with the Irish sample, but this difference was not reflected in dietary analysis.CONCLUSIONS: These new data from a Mexican sample provide evidence of the multifactorial interactions and environmental determinants of MP such as sunlight exposure and dietary patterns. These findings will be essential for future studies in Mexico for eye health, visual function, and ocular pathology.
AB - PURPOSE: The carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin deposit at the macula as macular pigment (MP) and provide visual benefits and protection against macular diseases. The present study investigated MP, its nutritional and environmental determinants, and its constituent carotenoids in serum from a Mexican sample, in healthy participants and with metabolic diseases. Additionally, we compared these variables with an Irish sample.METHODS: MP was measured in 215 subjects from a rural community in Mexico with dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging reported as MP optical volume (MPOV). Dietary intake and serum concentrations of L and Z were evaluated.RESULTS: The mean MPOV was 8429 (95% confidence interval, 8060-8797); range. 1171-15,976. The mean L and Z serum concentrations were 0.25 ± 0.15 µmol/L and 0.09 ± 0.04 µmol/L, respectively. The MPOV was positively correlated with L and Z serum concentrations (r = 0.347; P < 0.001 and r = 0.311; P < 0.001, respectively), but not with L + Z dietary estimates. Subjects with daily sunlight exposure of more than 50% were found to have significantly higher MPOV than those with less than 50% (P = 0.005). MPOV and serum concentrations of L and Z were significantly higher in the Mexican sample compared with the Irish sample, but this difference was not reflected in dietary analysis.CONCLUSIONS: These new data from a Mexican sample provide evidence of the multifactorial interactions and environmental determinants of MP such as sunlight exposure and dietary patterns. These findings will be essential for future studies in Mexico for eye health, visual function, and ocular pathology.
KW - Adult
KW - Aged
KW - Aged, 80 and over
KW - Carotenoids/metabolism
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Dietary Supplements
KW - Environmental Exposure
KW - Humans
KW - Macular Degeneration/diagnosis
KW - Macular Pigment/metabolism
KW - Mexico
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Rural Population
KW - Vision, Ocular
KW - Young Adult
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.9.18
U2 - 10.1167/iovs.62.9.18
DO - 10.1167/iovs.62.9.18
M3 - Article
C2 - 34241622
AN - SCOPUS:85110292013
SN - 0146-0404
VL - 62
SP - 18
JO - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
JF - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
IS - 9
ER -