In-vitro modeling of blood vessels

There has been much research in the biomodeling of human blood vessels. Models of human blood vessels can be used for aids in future research of new medical devices that can be preliminarily tested in an in vitro setting and that could potentially lead to breakthroughs in the medical device industry. There is also the possibility to use such models for the training of surgeons, especially for complex operations, analysis of arterial diseases, and to provide the basis for hemodynamic studies. Within the last two decades accurate models have been fabricated using corrosion casts obtained from cadavers and the lost wax process. Recently, there has been a trend towards replicating the properties of blood vessels more accurately. The use of hydrogels has the potential to achieve this, as it is possible to represent properties such as viscoelasticity, anisotropy, and lubriciousness, all of which have been shown to be present in human blood vessels. The goal of this study is to apply casting methods to a core, which represents similar tortuosity and dimensions to a section of blood vessel, and achieve a low cost model that will represent the dimensional accuracy as well as representing physical properties of blood vessels as accurately as possible. In order to achieve this, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH)/poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogels were chosen as a material that has the potential to match the properties of blood vessels. The PVOH/PAA hydrogels were prepared using a freeze/thaw processing technique.