TY - JOUR
T1 - Macular response to supplementation with differing xanthophyll formulations in subjects with and without age-related macular degeneration
AU - Thurnham, David I.
AU - Nolan, John M.
AU - Howard, Alan N.
AU - Beatty, Stephen
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge financial support given by the Howard Foundation, Cambridge UK. The authors also acknowledge Professor Ronald Klein and his team at the Fundus Photography Reading Center, University of Wisconsin, USA, for grading the fundus images. The authors are grateful to Ms Katie A. Meagher, who analysed the serum carotenoids and assisted in drafting the manuscript, and to Dr J Stack, who assisted with the statistical analysis. D. I. T. drafted the final manuscript, helped with data interpretation and statistical analysis. S. B. helped to draft the manuscript and interpret the data. A. N. H. helped with the design of the trial and to draft the manuscript. J. M. N. designed and supervised the study, helped with data interpretation and statistical analysis, and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
PY - 2015/8/1
Y1 - 2015/8/1
N2 - Purpose: Our aim was to investigate the macular response to three different supplements containing lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) in normal subjects and those with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Materials and Methods: Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and serum xanthophyll concentrations were measured in normal (n = 31) and AMD subjects (n = 32), randomly assigned to: group 1 (20 mg L, 2 mg Z, 0.3 mg MZ), group 2 (10 mg L, 2 mg Z, 10 mg MZ) or group 3 (3 mg L, 2 mg Z, 17 mg MZ). MPOD was measured at baseline, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks and at 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0° and 1.75° of eccentricity using customised heterochromatic flicker photometry and serum xanthophylls by HPLC. Results: MPOD increased significantly at all eccentricities in each group (p < 0.05), except at 1.75° in group 3 (p = 0.242). There was no difference in MPOD measurements between AMD and normal subjects, except for group 2, where AMD subjects exhibited a greater response at 1.75° (p = 0.012). Final serum concentrations of MZ were positively and significantly related to final MPOD values at each eccentricity in all subjects. Targeted analysis of those subjects receiving the MZ-containing supplements exhibited stronger relationships between serum MZ concentrations and MPOD at 0.25° in group 3 than group 2; in group 2 all associations were positive, but only significant at 1.75°. Conclusions: Serum concentrations of MZ were strongly correlated with MPOD after 8 weeks of supplementation with the group 3 formulation, but the inclusion of L in the group 2 formulation may result in greater MPOD augmentation across the spatial profile.
AB - Purpose: Our aim was to investigate the macular response to three different supplements containing lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) in normal subjects and those with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Materials and Methods: Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and serum xanthophyll concentrations were measured in normal (n = 31) and AMD subjects (n = 32), randomly assigned to: group 1 (20 mg L, 2 mg Z, 0.3 mg MZ), group 2 (10 mg L, 2 mg Z, 10 mg MZ) or group 3 (3 mg L, 2 mg Z, 17 mg MZ). MPOD was measured at baseline, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks and at 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0° and 1.75° of eccentricity using customised heterochromatic flicker photometry and serum xanthophylls by HPLC. Results: MPOD increased significantly at all eccentricities in each group (p < 0.05), except at 1.75° in group 3 (p = 0.242). There was no difference in MPOD measurements between AMD and normal subjects, except for group 2, where AMD subjects exhibited a greater response at 1.75° (p = 0.012). Final serum concentrations of MZ were positively and significantly related to final MPOD values at each eccentricity in all subjects. Targeted analysis of those subjects receiving the MZ-containing supplements exhibited stronger relationships between serum MZ concentrations and MPOD at 0.25° in group 3 than group 2; in group 2 all associations were positive, but only significant at 1.75°. Conclusions: Serum concentrations of MZ were strongly correlated with MPOD after 8 weeks of supplementation with the group 3 formulation, but the inclusion of L in the group 2 formulation may result in greater MPOD augmentation across the spatial profile.
KW - Age-related macular degeneration
KW - Lutein
KW - Macular pigment
KW - Meso-zeaxanthin
KW - Zeaxanthin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84938418952&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00417-014-2811-3
DO - 10.1007/s00417-014-2811-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 25311651
AN - SCOPUS:84938418952
SN - 0721-832X
VL - 253
SP - 1231
EP - 1243
JO - Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
JF - Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
IS - 8
ER -