TY - JOUR
T1 - Posterior segment ophthalmic drug delivery
T2 - Role of muco-adhesion with a special focus on chitosan
AU - Burhan, Ayah Mohammad
AU - Klahan, Butsabarat
AU - Cummins, Wayne
AU - Andrés-Guerrero, Vanessa
AU - Byrne, Mark E.
AU - O’Reilly, Niall J.
AU - Chauhan, Anuj
AU - Fitzhenry, Laurence
AU - Hughes, Helen
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This project was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska–Curie Actions (grant agreement number 813440; Ocular Research by Integrated Training and Learning (ORBITAL)).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/10/14
Y1 - 2021/10/14
N2 - Posterior segment eye diseases (PSEDs) including age macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are amongst the major causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Due to the numerous barriers encountered, highly invasive intravitreal (IVT) injections represent the primary route to deliver drugs to the posterior eye tissues. Thus, the potential of a more patient friendly topical route has been widely investigated. Mucoadhesive formulations can decrease precorneal clearance while prolonging precorneal residence. Thus, they are expected to enhance the chances of adherence to corneal and conjunctival surfaces and as such, enable increased delivery to the posterior eye segment. Among the mucoadhesive polymers available, chitosan is the most widely explored due to its outstanding mucoadhesive characteristics. In this review, the major PSEDs, their treatments, barriers to topical delivery, and routes of topical drug absorption to the posterior eye are presented. To enable the successful design of mucoadhesive ophthalmic drug delivery systems (DDSs), an overview of mucoadhesion, its theory, characterization, and considerations for ocular mucoadhesion is given. Furthermore, chitosan-based DDs that have been explored to promote topical drug delivery to the posterior eye segment are reviewed. Finally, challenges of successful preclinical to clinical translation of these DDSs for posterior eye drug delivery are discussed.
AB - Posterior segment eye diseases (PSEDs) including age macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are amongst the major causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Due to the numerous barriers encountered, highly invasive intravitreal (IVT) injections represent the primary route to deliver drugs to the posterior eye tissues. Thus, the potential of a more patient friendly topical route has been widely investigated. Mucoadhesive formulations can decrease precorneal clearance while prolonging precorneal residence. Thus, they are expected to enhance the chances of adherence to corneal and conjunctival surfaces and as such, enable increased delivery to the posterior eye segment. Among the mucoadhesive polymers available, chitosan is the most widely explored due to its outstanding mucoadhesive characteristics. In this review, the major PSEDs, their treatments, barriers to topical delivery, and routes of topical drug absorption to the posterior eye are presented. To enable the successful design of mucoadhesive ophthalmic drug delivery systems (DDSs), an overview of mucoadhesion, its theory, characterization, and considerations for ocular mucoadhesion is given. Furthermore, chitosan-based DDs that have been explored to promote topical drug delivery to the posterior eye segment are reviewed. Finally, challenges of successful preclinical to clinical translation of these DDSs for posterior eye drug delivery are discussed.
KW - Age macular degeneration
KW - Chitosan
KW - Chitosan coated drug delivery systems
KW - Chitosan coating for posterior eye segment drug delivery
KW - Diabetic retinopathy
KW - Mucoadhesion
KW - Ocular drug delivery
KW - Ophthalmic drug delivery
KW - Permeation enhancement
KW - Posterior eye segment drug delivery
KW - Retinal drug delivery
KW - Topical drug delivery to the posterior eye segment
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101685
U2 - 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101685
DO - 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101685
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85117956056
SN - 1999-4923
VL - 13
JO - Pharmaceutics
JF - Pharmaceutics
IS - 10
M1 - 1685
ER -