TY - JOUR
T1 - The Impact of Formulation on Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and meso-Zeaxanthin Bioavailability
T2 - A Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
AU - Green-Gomez, Marina
AU - Prado-Cabrero, Alfonso
AU - Moran, Rachel
AU - Power, Tommy
AU - Gómez-Mascaraque, Laura G
AU - Stack, Jim
AU - Nolan, John M
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This trial was funded by the Howard Foundation UK (Registered UK Charity Number: 285822) and via the Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT) President’s scholarship program in partnership Industrial Organica, Mexico.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/8/18
Y1 - 2020/8/18
N2 - Lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) have been the focus of research and commercial interest for their applications in human health. Research into formulations to enhance their bioavailability is merited. This 6 month randomised placebo-controlled trial involving 81 healthy volunteers compared the bioavailability of different formulations of free L, Z, and MZ in sunflower or omega-3 oil versus L, Z, and MZ diacetates (Ld, Zd, and MZd) in a micromicellar formulation. Fasting serum carotenoids, macular pigment, and skin carotenoid score were analysed at baseline and 6 months. Serum L, Z, and MZ concentrations increased in all active interventions compared to placebo (p < 0.001 to p = 0.008). The diacetate micromicelle formulation exhibited a significantly higher mean response in serum concentrations of Z and MZ compared to the other active interventions (p = 0.002 to 0.019). A micromicellar formulation with solubilised Z and MZ diacetates is a promising technology advancement that enhances the bioavailability of these carotenoids when compared to traditional carotenoid formulations (ISRCTN clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN18206561).
AB - Lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) have been the focus of research and commercial interest for their applications in human health. Research into formulations to enhance their bioavailability is merited. This 6 month randomised placebo-controlled trial involving 81 healthy volunteers compared the bioavailability of different formulations of free L, Z, and MZ in sunflower or omega-3 oil versus L, Z, and MZ diacetates (Ld, Zd, and MZd) in a micromicellar formulation. Fasting serum carotenoids, macular pigment, and skin carotenoid score were analysed at baseline and 6 months. Serum L, Z, and MZ concentrations increased in all active interventions compared to placebo (p < 0.001 to p = 0.008). The diacetate micromicelle formulation exhibited a significantly higher mean response in serum concentrations of Z and MZ compared to the other active interventions (p = 0.002 to 0.019). A micromicellar formulation with solubilised Z and MZ diacetates is a promising technology advancement that enhances the bioavailability of these carotenoids when compared to traditional carotenoid formulations (ISRCTN clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN18206561).
KW - Bioavailability
KW - Carotenoid diacetates
KW - Lutein
KW - Meso-zeaxanthin
KW - Micromicelles
KW - Zeaxanthin
UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080767
U2 - 10.3390/antiox9080767
DO - 10.3390/antiox9080767
M3 - Article
C2 - 32824736
AN - SCOPUS:85090809948
VL - 9
SP - 1
EP - 15
JO - Antioxidants
JF - Antioxidants
IS - 8
M1 - 767
ER -